(One
word/sentence Answers)
Science
And Technology
Std :
10
Max. Marks : 100
Very Short Answer
Type Questions - 1 Mark
100 * 1 = 100
1. Steel is manufactured from pig iron in a
Bessemer converter.
2. What were the limitations of
Dobereiner's classification?
3. Name the two parts of vascular system in
plants.
4. Why are soaps not effective cleansing
agents in hard water?
5. What was the drawback of the law of
octaves?
6. No force acts on a current carrying
conductor when it is________to the magnetic field
7. Which was the most common source of heat
energy in ancient times ?
8. The gland X secretes a hormone Y. The
deficiency of hormone Y in the body makes a person dwarf whereas the excess of
hormone Y makes a person giant. Name X and Y.
9. The changing of one form of energy into
another form of energy is called_________ of energy.
10. Name one natural and one man-made
ecosystem.
11. Blood has a pH in the range of __ and slightly_.
12. What were the criteria used by Mendeleev
in creating his periodic table?
13. kWh is the unit of_______
14. Name the two parts of central nervous
system.
15. Name the process by which many
unicellular organisms remove their wastes into surrounding water.
16. Fill in the following blank with a
suitable word :
A.............in a circuit
prevents damage to the appliances and the circuit due to overloading.
17. The energy produced in a nuclear fusion
reaction is much more than that produced during fission.
18. Name the scientist who said that life
originated from inanimate matter.
19. State whether the following statement is
true or false :
All the compounds containing
hydrogen are acidic
20. Name the uniform source of energy used
by all living organisms.
21. What is an amalgam ?
22. What name is given to the device which
automatically cuts off the electricity supply during short circuiting in
domestic wiring ?
23. Name the fuel used in an atomic power
plant.
24. When does the maturation of eggs begin
in human female?
25. Bryophyllum can be propagated
vegetatively through __________ cuttings.
26. Can steel be used for making electromagnets?
27. What do the ovules become after
fertilisation?
28. Name the bio molecules, which serve as
internal energy reserves in (a) animals and (b) plants.
29. Name two metals whose melting points are
so low that they melt when held in the hand.
30. An element X forms an oxide XO2
which is acidic in nature. State whether element X is a metal or a non-metal.
31. Who are the nature and wildlife
enthusiasts?
32. Write word equation and then balanced
chemical equation for the reaction taking
place when dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder
33. Interbreeding among individuals of
different populations of a species maintains a free flow of genes in these
populations.
34. Can we change the polarity of a
permanent magnet?
35. Where are sperms deposited during sexual
intercourse?
36. In a solution of lead nitrate, a strip
of metal 'M' was dipped. After some time, lead from the solution was deposited
on the metal strip. Which metal is more reactive, M or lead?
37. Name a technique used for producing
disease-free plants in large numbers.
38. Which is the major constituent of biogas
?
39. Magnesium is more metallic in nature
than sodium.
40. Elements with eight electrons in their
outermost energy shell are called_____.
41. Chlorophyll is the pigment, which is
essential for harvesting light energy.
42. What is the source of energy
of the sun and other stars.
43. How was the rock salt formed ?
44. Give one important way of trapping heat
inside the solar cooker?
45. By considering their position in the
periodic table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have
the most metallic characteristics?
Ga,Ge,As,Se,Be
46. What is the name of:
(a) male part of a flower? (b) female part of a flower?
47. When is the force experienced by a
current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field the maximum ?
48. In which type of reaction gain of
electron(s) takes place?
49. What are villi?
50. Which element has twice as many
electrons in its second shell as in its first shell ?
51. What is the name of tiny projections on
the inner surface of small intestine which helps in absorbing the digested
food.
52. What is ductility ?
53. (a) What are the short fibres of a
neuron known as ?
(b) What is the longest fibre of
a neuron known as ?
54. Leishmamia reproduces by binary fission
along a specific __________
55. Does moving water possess energy?
56. Apart from the availability of forest
produce, name some other things which are affected by the destruction of
forests.
57. What is a thermal decomposition
reaction?
58. How do plants get rid of excess water?
59. What are the abiotic components of
ecosystem?
60. Aluminium is the most abundant metal in
the Earth's crust.
61. What is the location of kidneys in our
body?
62. The iron ore is mixed with coke and
limestone to form a mixture. This mixture is known as______.
63. What is the other name of high blood
pressure?
64. Name any two cellular processes in which
energy of ATP is utilised.
65. Name two metals which are found in
nature in free state (or native form).
66. In the electrolytic refining of metal M,
name the anode, cathode and the electrolyte.
67. Carbon
can form only straight chain
compounds.
68. Name an allotrope of carbon other than
diamond and graphite.
69. What would happen if all the hydrogen
present in the sun is converted into helium?
70. Identify the oxidising agent in the
following reactions:
(i) 2H2 (g) + O2
(g) →
2H2O (I)
(ii) CuO (s) + H2 (g)
→ Cu (s) + H2O (I)
71. Name the two best ductile metals.
72. Name the reducing agent used to extract
manganese from manganese dioxide.
73. Iodine is necessary for adrenal gland to
produce adrenaline.
74. The action of heat on zinc carbonate to
give zinc oxide and carbon dioxide is an example of a combination reaction.
75. Out of photosynthesis and
respiration in plants, which process occurs :
(i) all the time?
(ii) only at day time?
76. When caustic soda reacts with
zinc metal, ____ gas is evolved.
77. What name is given to those
oxides which show acidic as well as basic behaviour ?
78. What do you mean by ocean thermal
energy?
79. Where do the impurities go during
the electrolytic refining of metals?
80. What was the earliest attempt to
classify elements?
81. Name the functional group present
in CH3 - CH=CH2
82. The molecular formula of an
organic compound is C18H36. Name its homologous series.
83. Name the instrument used to
measure blood pressure?
84. What is rust? Write its chemical
formula.
85. Which element has a total of
three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell ?
86. How is the child born?
87. State Newland's law of octaves.
88. How does diaphragm help in
inspiration?
89. Reflex action is a sudden, …………
response to a stimulus.
90. Give two important properties of
baking soda
91. Name one hormone secreted by the
pituitary gland.
92. Where in India washing soda is
found?
93. Name the enzyme present in human
saliva. What is the function of the enzyme? (or What is the role of saliva in
the digestion of food ?)
94. Name the form of energy that man
has been using over the ages. How does he get this energy?
95. State one disadvantage of
synthetic detergents over soaps.
96. State whether the following
statement is true or false : A wire with a green insulation is usually the live
wire.
97. The atomic size in a period____.
98. Why are the green plants called
producers?
99. Name the respiratory pigment
present in human blood.
100. What property do all elements in
the same column of periodic table as fluorine have in common ?
ANSWERS
1. T
2. Dobereiner's
failed to arrange all the then known elements in the form of triads.
3. Xylem
and phloem.
4. Hard
water contains metals ion such as Ca 2+ and Mg2+. Soap
forms precipitate with these ions and is thus, thrown out of solution.
2RCOO-Na+
+ Mg 2+ → (RCOO)2Mg +2Na+
soap or Ca2+ (from
hard water) or (RCOO)2
Ca (curdy ppt.)
5. Law of
octaves failed to assign the position to the elements with large atomic
weights.
6. parallel.
7. Wood.
8. X is
pituitary gland; Y is growth hormone
9. transformation
10. Examples
of ecosystem are:
(a) Man-made - aquarium
(b) Natural - forest.
11. 7.2-7.4,
basic
12. The
criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his periodic table was atomic masses.
13. energy
14. Brain
and spinal cord
15. Diffusion.
16. A fuse
in a circuit prevents damage to the appliances and the circuit due to
overloading.
17. T
18. J.B.S.
Haldane.
19. False
20. ATP.
21. An
alloy of mercury metal with one or more other metals is known as an amalgam.
22. Electric
fuse.
23. Uranium-235.
24. Maturation
of eggs in the human female begins at the onset of puberty.
25. leaf
26. No.
27. Seeds.
28. (a)
Animals-glycogen, (b) Plants-starch.
29. Gallium
and Cesium.
30. Non-metal.
31. The
nature and wildlife enthusiasts are the people who are in no way dependent on
the forests but have considerable say in their management. They try to preserve
biodiversity as a whole.
32. Aluminium
+ Sulphuric acid ® Aluminium sulphate + Hydrogen
2A1 + 3H2SO4 ® A12(SO4)3 + 3H2
33. T.
34. No.
35. Vagina.
36. Metal
'M' is more reactive than lead as M has displaced lead from its salt solution.
37. Tissue
culture.
38. The
major constituent of biogas is methane. Biogas contains upto 75 per cent of
Methane
39. F
40. Noble
gases
41. T
42. The
source of energy of the sun and other stars are the nuclear fusion reactions
(in which hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium nucleus).
43. Rock
salt was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up.
44. By
covering the solar cooker with a glass sheet to bring about green house effect.
45. Ga.
46. (a)
Male part of a flower : Stamen
(b) Female part of a
flower : Carpel
47. The
maximum force is exerted on a current-carrying conductor only when it is
perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction of the magnetic field.
48. The
gain of electron(s) is called reduction.
49. Villi
are fingerlike projections in the inner lining of intestine to increase the
surface area for absorption of digested food.
50. Carbon
(2, 4)
51. Villi.
52. The
ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires on stretching is called
ductility.
53. (a)
Dendrites.
(b) Axon.
54. orientation
55. Yes
56. The
destruction of forests also affects (i) quality of soil (ii) sources of water,
and (iii) natural habitat of wild animals and birds.
57. The
reactions in which the substances decompose on heating are called thermal
decomposition reaction. For example,
CaCO3
(s) 
CaO (s) + CO2
(g)
CaO (s) + CO2
(g)
58. The
plants get rid of excess water by transpiration.
59. Abiotic
components of ecosystem comprise of non-living physical factors like
temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals and organic substances.
60. T
61. Kidneys
are located in the abdomen, one on each side of the backbone.
62. charge
63. Hypertension.
64. Cellular
processes like muscle contraction, conduction of nerve impulses and metabolic
reactions.
65. Gold
and Platinum.
66. Anode:
Impure metal M
Cathode: Pure metal M
Electrolyte: Metal (M)
sulphate solution
67. F
68. Buckminsterfullerene.
69. In
case all the hydrogen present in the sun is converted into helium, the
temperature and pressure inside the sun will decrease. As a result of this, the
sun will collapse due to its own gravity. When the size of sun decreases, its interior
temperature will again rise and hydrogen nuclei will get liberated from the helium
nuclei.
70. (i) 2H2
(g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (I)
Oxidising agent = O2
(g)
(ii) CuO (s) + H2
(g) → Cu (s) + H2O (I)
Oxidising agent = CuO
(s)
71. The
two best ductile metals are
1. Silver 2. Gold
72. Aluminium.
73. F
74. F
75. (i)
Respiration occurs all the time.
(ii)Photosynthesis
occurs only at day time.
76. hydrogen
77. Amphoteric
oxides.
78. The
energy available due to the difference in temperature of water at the surface
of the ocean and at deeper levels is called ocean thermal energy.
79. Impurities
are collected at the bottom of anode called anode mud.
80. One of
the earliest attempts was to classify the elements as metals and non-metals.
81. Alkene
group.
82. Alkene
series.
83. Sphygmomanometer.
84. Rust
is a brown, flaky substance. Its chemical formula is Fe2O3.xH2O.
85. Silicon
(2, 8, 4)
86. The
child is born as a result of rhythmic contractions of the muscles in the
uterus.
87. Newland's
law of octaves states that "When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic weights, then every eighth element has properties similar to
that of the first element."
88. Contraction
of diaphragm muscles cause flattening of diaphragm. This increases volume of
chest cavity, which creates low pressure around the lungs. As a result air is
sucked into the lungs causing expansion of alveoli.
89. automatic
90. (i) On
heating, it evolves CO2 gas.
(ii) It is sparingly
soluble in water, giving a solution which is alkaline in nature
91. Growth
hormone.
92. In
India, it is found in Dehradun, Mathura, Jaunpur, Varanasi in the form of 'reh'
and 'sajji'
93. Saliva
contains an enzyme called 'salivary amylase'. It breaks down the complex starch
carbohydrate present in food to give sugar.
94. Muscle
energy by eating food.
95. Detergents
are not 100 percent biodegradable, therefore, cause water pollution.
96. False.
97. Decreases
98. Green
plants are called producers because they convert the solar energy into chemical
energy during photosynthesis, (they produce their organic food from inorganic
compounds).
99. Hemoglobin.
100. Fluorine
has valency of 1 so all the elements of the same column (same group) as
fluorine also have valency of 1.
